Abahanga bakoze plastike ihwanye nicyuma - ikomeye ariko ntabwo iremereye.Plastike, abahanga mu bya shimi rimwe na rimwe bita polymers, ni itsinda rya molekile ndende-ngari igizwe nibice bigufi bisubiramo byitwa monomers.Ntabwo bimeze nka polymer zabanjirije imbaraga zimwe, ibikoresho bishya gusa biza muburyo bwa membrane.Ni kandi nubushyuhe bwikubye inshuro 50 kurenza plastike idashobora kwinjizwa kumasoko.Ikindi kintu kigaragara cyiyi polymer nuburyo bworoshye bwa synthesis.Ibikorwa, bibera mubushyuhe bwicyumba, bisaba ibikoresho bihendutse gusa, kandi polymer irashobora gukorerwa cyane mumpapuro nini zifite uburebure bwa nanometero gusa.Abashakashatsi batangaza ibyo babonye ku ya 2 Gashyantare mu kinyamakuru Nature.
Ibikoresho bivugwa byitwa polyamide, umuyoboro uhujwe nuduce twa amide ya molekile (amide ni amatsinda ya chimique ya azote yometse kuri atome ya karubone ihujwe na ogisijeni) .Polimeri nyinshi zirimo Kevlar, fibre ikoreshwa mu gukora amakoti y’amasasu, na Nomex, umuriro- umwenda wihanganira.Nk'uko Kevlar, molekile ya polyamide mu bikoresho bishya ihujwe hagati ya hydrogène ihuza uburebure bwose bw'iminyururu yabo, ibyo bikaba byongera imbaraga muri rusange.
Umwanditsi mukuru, Michael Strano, injeniyeri y’imiti ya MIT yagize ati: "Zifatanije nka Velcro." Ibikoresho byo gutobora ntibisaba gusa guca iminyururu ya molekile imwe gusa, ahubwo bisaba no gutsinda imigozi minini ya hydrogène ya hydrogène ihuza ibice byose bya polymer.
Mubyongeyeho, polymers nshya irashobora guhita ikora flake.Ibi bituma ibikoresho byoroha gutunganywa, kuko bishobora gukorwa muma firime yoroheje cyangwa bigakoreshwa nkuburinganire bwa firime yoroheje. Polimeri gakondo ikunda gukura nkumunyururu, cyangwa ishami inshuro nyinshi ihuza mubice bitatu, utitaye ku cyerekezo.Ariko polymers ya Strano ikura muburyo budasanzwe muri 2D kugirango ikore nanosheets.
“Urashobora kwegeranya ku rupapuro?Biragaragara ko, akenshi, udashobora kubikora kugeza igihe tuzakora. ”Strano ati:" Twabonye rero uburyo bushya. "Muri iki gikorwa giherutse, itsinda rye ryatsinze inzitizi kugirango iki giterane cyibice bibiri gishoboke.
Impamvu polyaramide ifite imiterere ya planari nuko synthesis ya polymer ikubiyemo uburyo bwitwa autocatalytic templating: nkuko polymer irambura kandi ikomera kumyubakire ya monomer, umuyoboro wa polymer ukura utera monomer zikurikira guhuza gusa muburyo bwiza bwo gushimangira ubumwe. bibiri.imiterere yimiterere.Abashakashatsi berekanye ko bashobora gutwikira byoroshye polymer mugisubizo kuri wafers kugirango bakore laminate yubugari bwa santimetero zitarenga 4. Uburebure bwa miriyoni imwe yubunini bwimpapuro zisanzwe.
Kugirango bagereranye imiterere yubukanishi bwibikoresho bya polymer, abashakashatsi bapimye imbaraga zisabwa kugirango batobore umwobo mumpapuro zahagaritswe hamwe nurushinge rwiza.Iyi polyamide rwose irakomeye kuruta polymers gakondo nka nylon, umwenda wakoreshwaga mu gukora parasute.Bitangaje, bisaba imbaraga zikubye kabiri gukuramo iyi polyamide ikomeye cyane nkicyuma cyubugari bumwe.Nk'uko Strano abivuga, ibintu birashobora gukoreshwa nk'igifuniko gikingira hejuru yicyuma, nk'imodoka, cyangwa nk'ayunguruzo kugira ngo amazi asukure. Mubikorwa byanyuma, icyuma cyiza cyo kuyungurura gikeneye kuba cyoroshye ariko gikomeye kugirango gihangane n’umuvuduko mwinshi utarinze kwanduza ibintu bito, byangiza ibintu byanyuma - bikwiranye nibi bikoresho bya polyamide.
Mu bihe biri imbere, Strano yizeye ko uburyo bwa polymerizasiya bugera kuri polymers zitandukanye zirenze iyi Kevlar. "Ati:" Polimeri iratuzengurutse. "Ati:" Bakora byose. "Tekereza guhindura ubwoko bwinshi bwa polymers, ndetse n’ibidasanzwe bishobora gutwara amashanyarazi cyangwa urumuri, bigahinduka firime zoroshye zishobora gutwikira ahantu hatandukanye, yongeyeho ati: "Kubera ubwo buryo bushya, ahari ubu hashobora gukoreshwa ubundi bwoko bwa polymers." Stano ati.
Strano yavuze ko Mw'isi ikikijwe na plastiki, sosiyete ifite impamvu zo kwishimira indi polymer nshya ifite imiterere yubukanishi ntakindi ariko isanzwe. hamwe nibikoresho bike kandi bikomeye.Strano yongeyeho ko duhereye ku buryo burambye, iyi polymer ikomeye cyane 2D nintambwe igana inzira nziza yo kubohora isi plastike.
Shi En Kim (nkuko bakunze kwita Kim) ni umwanditsi w’ubumenyi wigenga wavukiye muri Maleziya akaba n'umwanditsi wimenyereza umwuga wa Science Science Spring 2022.Yanditse byinshi ku ngingo zerekeranye no gukoresha amacenga - abantu cyangwa igitagangurirwa ubwabo - kugeza ku bakusanya imyanda. mu kirere.
Icyogajuru cya Starliner cya Boeing ntikiragera kuri sitasiyo mpuzamahanga, ariko abahanga bafite icyizere cyo guhaguruka kwa gatatu.
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Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-19-2022